Charmant Pigmentation Serum’s Effects

Charmant Pigmentation Serum is an active serum that penetrates to the dermis layer of our skin and treats skin cells from the inside, stimulating skin regeneration while reducing discolouration and dark pigmented spots. It promotes skin lightening, and whitens existing pigmentation disturbances like age spots and freckles while lightening the general overall skin tone through a specially developed Vitamin C complex that actually decomposes the existing melanin in the skin.

Extensive tests and clinical trials have been carried out and these tests conclusively show that Charmant Pigmentation Serum has high efficacy of pigment removal. Within weeks of use, pigments are observed to be dramatically reduced.

In order to provide the decomposition of existing pigmentation disturbances and to visibly lighten the skin permanently, treatment with Charmant Pigmentation Serum is advisable to be extended over three to six month period.

Rapid Encapsulation Deliver System (RDS) Technology – How it works

Charmant Pigmentation Serum makes use of a highly advanced technology called Rapid Encapsulation Delivery System (RDS) technology, incorporated into our unique formula, to reduce the ingredients’ particle size (much smaller than skin pores) for easy absorbance by the skin.

It works deep within the skin’s surface using beneficial ingredients like, Nano-encapsulated vitamin C, Nano-encapsulated Beta 1-3 D-glucan and wild willow extract to lighten pigmentation marks on the face, neck and hands after weeks of regular use. Moreover, it can restore the water-lipid balance, giving the skin back its suppleness, softness and glow.

Major Benefits of Charmant Pigmentation Serum

• Reduces pigmentation and age-spots
• Reduces wrinkles and fine lines
• Reduces harmful effects of UV-light
• Reduces appearance of open pores
• Reduces dryness

Dosage and Use

Clean the affected areas with Foam Wash. Use a cotton ball and dab a considerable amount of Toner to dry the skin.
Next, apply Charmant Pigmentation Serum to the affected areas before moisturizing.
Apply Charmant Pigmentation Serum twice a day.

Recommended Product use
Charmant Pigmentation Serum can be used twice a day. Stop applying immediately if rash occurs. Wash out with plenty of water and if rash persists after a few days, seek medical attention.

The Reason Behind Skin Colour

Skin colour is a function of the size, number and the distribution of melanin cells (not their density).?Melanin cells of darkly pigmented skin have thicker, longer and branched dendrites. The differences in racial skin pigmentation depend on the quantity of melanin pigments produced and on the distribution and the deposition of these pigments throughout the epidermis.

Tyrosinase is a rate-limiting enzyme for melanin synthesis, and defects in the enzymes activity lead to the albinism in human. Differences in human colour may primarily be due to differences in the tyrosinase activity in the melanin cells from varying skin types.

Skin Pigmentation

Pigments are organic coloring molecules within the body. They may be found in the bile, blood, urine, eye, or skin and hair. Blood, bile and urinary pigments are derived from hemoglobin or the products of hemoglobin catabolism. The endogenous pigments of the choroid, skin and hair are called melanins.

Melanins are synthesized in melanosomes from the amino acid tyrosine into dopa and dopaquinone. After the tyrosinase steps, the pathways to produce black/brown and amber/red pigments diverge and involve many other enzymes. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) treatment accelerates melanin synthesis and causes the skin to visibly darken.

Differences in skin color are due mainly to differences in the number of melanin granules in the keratinocytes.

What Is Melanin Pigment?

Melanin is a dark compound that is called a photoprotective pigment.

There are two forms of the pigment melanin: Eumelanin granules and phaeomelanin granules. These two forms of melanin are often both present together, and occur in varying proportions.

The major role of melanin pigment in the skin is to absorb ultraviolet (UV) light that comes from the sun.

How Does Melanin Form?

Melanin forms in a special cell called the melanocyte. This cell is found in the skin, in the hair follicle, and in the iris and retina of the eye. There are many steps in the process of converting the amino acid tyrosine to melanin pigment.

As with most metabolic pathways in our body, the first compound in a pathway is converted to the next compound by the action of an enzyme. The formation of melanin pigment is more complex and not all of the steps are known.

Tyrosinase is the major enzyme involved in the formation of melanin pigment. Tyrosinase is responsible for converting tyrosine to DOPA and on to dopaquinone. The dopaquinone then forms black-brown eumelanin or red-yellow pheomelanin.

Two additional enzymes called tyrosinase-related protein 1 or DHICA oxidase and tyrosinase-related protein 2 or dopachrome tautomerase are important in the formation of eumelanin pigment.

Factors Affecting Skin Pigmentation

Skin pigmentation depends upon the organization and function of epidermal melanin unit and several other separate but related events:

• Melanoblast migration from the neural crest.
• Melanoblast differentiation into melanin cells.
• The rate of synthesis and melanization of melanosomes.
• The size of melanosomes.
• Synthesis of melanin.
• The efficacy of melanosome transfer into keratin layer.
• The rate of melanosome degradation within the keratin layer.
• The rate of synthesis and inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme.
• Activity of tyrosinase in melanosomes.

Melanin cells work in close harmony with their neighbouring cells in the epidermis. They are influenced by a variety of biological factors and environmental factors. The most important factor is UV exposure ( sun exposure) which increase the melanin cells activity up to 100-fold.

Physiology of Skin Pigmentation

All skin colour stems from melanin. Melanocytes are spider-shaped cells with long irregular arms that extend from the cell body. The arms of each melanocyte link it with surrounding skin cells. They produce pigment granules called melanosomes. As the skin regenerates, these neighbouring cells migrate towards the skin surface and carry the pigment with them. In this way, melanin is spread across the skin. Radiation from the sun stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin and results in skin tanning.

Formation of Melanin

The synthesis of melanin requires the amino acid tyrosine and a specific enzyme called tyrosinase. Tyrosinase catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine into biochemical intermediates like dopa and dopaquinone before producing the final melanin pigment.

Skin Pigmentation After UV Radiation

The skin pigmentation response following UV irradiation comprises immediate pigment darkening (IPD) and delayed tanning (DT).

Picture A: IPD results from the alteration and redistribution of melanin moieties already present in the skin by forming ‘nuclear caps’ to protect cell nuclei from UV-induced damage.

Picture B: DT is associated with an increase in the activity and number of melanocytes. In repeated UV exposure, the number of melanocytes increases, the number and size of melanosomes increases, and melanocyte dendrites elongate and branch. Accelerated melanin transfer to keratinocytes then results in a large increase in melanin granules in the epidermis.

Reference : Images adapted from www.adam.com